UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

(主题语境：人与社会——世界上的语言)

课前自主预习

KE QIAN ZI ZHU YU XI

Ⅰ.单词巧练

写准并记牢

高考与教材

分类识记课标词汇

(一)重点词汇—我会写

1．_billion__ n．十亿

2．_attitude__ n．态度；看法

3．_system__ n．体系；制度；系统

4．_despite__ prep.即使；尽管

5．_factor__ n．因素；要素

6．_bone__ n．骨头；骨(质)

7．_symbol__ n．符号；象征

8．_means__ n．方式；方法；途径

9．_regard__ n．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待

10．_affair__ n．公共事务；事件；关系

11．_struggle__ n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

12．_apartment__ n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房

13．_beg__ vt.恳求；祈求；哀求

14．_vocabulary__ n．词汇

(二)阅读词汇—我会认

1．native adj．_出生地的；本地的；土著的__n．_本地人__

2．shell n．_壳；壳状物__

3．carve vt.& vi．_雕刻__

4．dynasty n．_王朝；朝代__

5．dialect n．_地方话；方言__

6．classic adj．_传统的；最优秀的；典型的__

n．_经典作品；名著__

7．calligraphy n．_书法；书法艺术__

8．specific adj．_特定的；明确的；具体的__

9．CE _公元__

10．tongue n．_舌头；语言__

11．semester n．_学期__

12．gas n．_汽油；气体，燃气__

13．petrol n．(NAmE gas) _汽油__

14．subway n．_地铁__

15．pants n．[pl.](BrE) _内裤；短裤__；(especially NAmE) _裤子__

16．gap n．_间隔；开口；差距__

(三)拓展词汇—我会变

1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→ _reference__ n．言及；提及；参考；查阅

2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→ _base__ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→ _basic__ adj.基本的；基础的

3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→ _various__ adj.不同的；各种各样的→ _vary__ vt.& vi.使不同；变化

4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→ _majority__ n．大多数；大半→ _minority__ n．少数

5．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→ _characteristic__ n．特征；特性

6．global adj.全球的；全世界的→ _globe__ n．球体；地球仪；地球

7．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→ _appreciation__ n．欣赏；感激；感谢

8．equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→ _equally__ adv.相等地→ _equality__ n．同等；平等

9．demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问→ _demanding__ adj.(工作)苛求的；费力的

10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→ _describe__ vt.描述

11．relate v．联系；讲述→ _related__ adj.有关的；有联系的→ _relation__ n．关系；亲戚→ _relative__ n．亲戚adj.相对的→ _relativity__ n．相对性

1．(2021·全国新高考I卷)What is the author’s attitude _to/towards__ the popularization of emotional intelligence?

2．(2020·江苏卷)The health security _systems__(system) of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.

3．(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more we will see that social _factors__(factor)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.

4．(2020·全国卷I)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _means__(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”

5．(2021·全国新高考I卷)However, most people don’t regard pronunciation _as__ a very important part of communication skills.

6．(2021·3月天津卷)After _struggling__ (struggle)for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.

7．(2020·山东卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural _references__(reference), making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.

8．(2020·全国卷I)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is _based__(base) on our present mental register.

9．(2020·天津卷)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the _various__(vary) food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.

10．(2020·全国卷II)The farm is situated at the foot of a mountain, the sky is blue and the air is fresh.We were attracted by the beautiful scenery.There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as a variety _of__ animals.

11．(2020·浙江卷)A few _characters__(character) are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.

12．(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant _global__ (globe)communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.

13．(2020·全国卷III)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with _appreciation__(appreciate)．

14．(2020·浙江卷)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), _demanding__(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.

15．(2020·山东卷)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid _description__(describe) of the purest of Central Asian traditions.

16．(2019·全国卷II)Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are _equally__(equal) funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational.

17．(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international _affairs__(affair).

联想积累：

1．单复数意义不同的名词小结

①custom(风俗)→customs(海关)

②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)

③paper(纸)→papers(文件)

④art(艺术)→arts(文科)

⑤short(短片)→shorts(短裤；内裤)

⑥mean(折中；平均数)→means(方式；方法；途径)

2．表示“主要的；重要的”的形容词荟萃

①major　　 主要的；重要的

②main 　　　　 主要的

③primary 　　　　 主要的；首要的

④chief 　　　　 首要的；主要的

⑤leading 　　　　 重要的，首位的

⑥vital 　　　　 极其重要的

⑦significant 　　　　 重要的

3．“感谢；感激”家族记心间

①grateful adj．　　　　 感激的

gratitude n．　　　　 感激

②appreciate v．　　　　 感激；感谢

appreciation n．　　　　 感激

③thank v．　　　　 感谢

thanks n．　　　　 感谢

thankful adj．　　　　 感激的

Ⅱ．短语巧练

写准并记牢

高考与教材

1．_refer to__指的是；描述；提到；查阅

2．_be known for...__因……而闻名

3．_ups and downs__浮沉；兴衰；荣辱

4．_at the beginning__起初

5．_date back to__追溯到

6．_lead to__导致

7．_be of importance__重要的

8．_no matter where/who/what...__不论在哪里/谁/什么……；不管……

9．_be connected with...__与……有联系/关联

10．_see...as...__把……看作……

11．_play a role in...__在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用

12．_a number of__许多；大量

13．_point of view__观点；看法

14．_fight for...__为争取……而斗争

15．_give up__放弃

16．_used to do sth.__过去常常做某事

17．_have trouble with sth.__在某方面有困难

18．_depend on__依靠；依赖

19．_relate to...__与……相关；涉及；谈到

20．_introduce sb.to sb.__把某人介绍给某人

1．(2020·全国卷I)What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 _refer to__？

2．(2021·全国乙卷) _At the beginning__ of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash.

3．(2020·浙江卷)These lights, known as adaptive signals, _have led to__ significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.

4．(2020·天津卷)For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but _no matter how__ hard I tried, I was always the neglected(被忽略的) one.

5．(2020·山东卷)When he was 16, Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away _a number of__ birds.

6．(2020·天津卷)I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I _used to__ think.

7．(2021·3月天津卷)Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather than just _depending on__ the teacher.

联想积累：

1．常见be of＋抽象名词的短语

①be of＋(age)表示年龄

②be of＋(size)表示大小

③be of＋(color)表示颜色

④be of＋(weight)表示重量

⑤be of＋(height)表示高度

⑥be of＋(price)表示价格

⑦be of＋(opinion)表示意见

⑧be of＋(shape)表示形状

2．常见“把……看作”的短语

①treat...as　　　　　 ②look on...as

③regard...as　　　　　 ④consider...as

⑤see...as　　　　　 ⑥think of...as

⑦view...as　　　　　 ⑧take...as

⑨count...as

3．“引起；导致”有因有果

①contribute to 导致；有助于

②lead to 引起；导致；造成

③result in 导致；造成

④bring about 引起；导致；造成

⑤cause 引起；造成

⑥result from 起因于

Ⅲ．经典句型

写准并记牢

高考与教材

1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句

It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.

它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人把符号刻在动物骨头和贝壳上。(教材P62)

2．It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期

Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.

多年来，由于人们在地理上被分隔开，这个书写体系发展成了不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。(教材P62)

3．“be of＋抽象名词”结构

That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.

该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有极大的重要性。(教材P62)

4．no matter where/how/what/when...不论……；不管……

Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.

即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。(教材P62)

5．listen to sb. doing sth.

When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words.

当我听视频里的以英语为母语者说英语的时候，我只能听懂几个单词。(教材P66)

1．(2021·3月天津卷) 威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。

William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _from which__ we can learn without repeating them.

2．(2019·全国卷II) 曾经有一段时间，人们可能会因为要个人的桌位而感到尴尬，但那些日子已经过去了。

There was _a time when__ people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.

3．(2020·全国卷I)月球的远端能引起科学家的特殊兴趣，因为月球上有很多深的环形山，比我们熟悉的近端更甚。

The far side of the moon is _of particular interest__ to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so than the familiar near side.

4．(2021·3月天津卷) Jordan 说不管结局如何，都要从希望开始。

Jordan said that _no matter how__ it ends, it starts with hope.

5．(2020·江苏卷)当谈到面对面的幽默时，努力是很重要的。当人们看到你试图搞笑时，他们就可以自由地亲自尝试了。

When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot.When people _see you trying to be funny__， it frees them to try it themselves.